What are Reflexes? Primitive Reflexes are reflexes that develop in the brain stem before birth. They are involuntary reactions that help the baby with positioning in the womb, birthing, breathing, feeding, and gross motor skills. Most of these primitive reflexes go away throughout the first year of life. However, if primitive reflexes persist they can...

Phonological Awareness, Phonemic Awareness, and Phonics There tends to be confusion between the following terms: phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, and phonics. These skills are interrelated in reading and spelling, yet do not mean the same thing. It is important to know the difference between these skills to effectively help your child learn strategies to read...